In the Spirit of Christmas By Brian Falconer, Guide Outfitter Coordinator In 2005, our supporters helped us purchase a vast guide outfitting territory on BC’s central coast and end commercial trophy hunting in an area approximately three times the size of Yellowstone National Park. Given the huge success of that initiative, both in terms of stopping trophy hunting and supporting commercial wildlife viewing, we decided to look for similar opportunities. In 2010, we began negotiations to acquire a unique hunting tenure which comprises the home of nearly all the world’s free roaming spirit bears (a white colored black bear). In July of 2011, thanks to your incredible generosity, we raised the $370,000 in acquisition costs needed to purchase the tenure by the deadline.  Since raising the funds, we have been waiting for the BC Ministry of Environment to transfer the new territory to Raincoast.  These frustrating and unnecessary government delays have prevented us from being able to announce this purchase.  However, just this week we received assurances from the provincial government that the territory will be transferred to us early in the new year. The acquisition of this territory, in combination with our initial purchase, means that we have effectively ended commercial trophy hunting in a contiguous area of nearly 30,000 sq km.  This has only been possible because of your support. Going forward, in collaboration with Coastal First Nations, Raincoast is actively investigating the potential acquisition of additional guide outfitting territories. But to do the necessary groundwork (e.g., investigating potential opportunities and negotiating with territory owners), as well as manage and monitor our existing territories, we need your financial support.  We need to raise $75,000 per year to carry out this work on an annual basis. Stand with us as we continue to pursue our goal of ending the trophy hunting of large carnivores on the coast of British Columbia. For the Coast (and the bears), Brian Forward this story to a friend

WE DID IT AGAIN! Your support secured the purchase of the 3,500 sq km ‘spirit bear’ hunting tenure. TrackingRaincoast  into 2012 Be sure to look for the 2012 edition of Tracking Raincoast in your (snail mail) mailbox.   Raincoast Conservation Foundation PO Box 2429 Sidney, BC, Canada V8L 3Y3 Tel: (250) 655-1229Photo Credits: Diane Bradshaw, Klaus Pommerenke, Jamen Rhodes, Larry Travis, Doug Brown

Your support is halting the commerical hunting of black bears which carry the recessive gene that produces the spirit bear’s white coat.	This purchase is also helping to protect the genetically unique rainforest wolves Raincoast has studied for over a decade.	In a vast roadless area, we depend on our research vessel Achiever to access and monitor our territories.

Forward this newsletter to a Friend | Visit our website | Click here to unsubscribe.

Citation: Williams, R.W., Erin Ashe  and Patrick D. O’Hara. 2011. Marine Mammals and Debris in Coastal Waters of British Columbia, Canada. Marine Pollution Bulletin.  In press.

Download the press release Marine Debris Press Release

Download the paper Williams_etal_MPB[2011]

Peter Dettling’s new book “The Will of the Land” takes an important look at wolves and grizzlies in the region of Banff National Park.  Peter is a remarkable photographer and advocate for wildlife. The foreward is written by Raincoast’s Dr. Paul Paquet.

Check out Peter Dettling’s website and the book’s trailer  The Will of the Land

Edited by Richard P. Reading, Brian Miller, Amy L. Masching, Rob Edward, and Michael K. Phillips, the book offers fascinating insight on restoring the wolf population to the southern Rockies.  Detailed reports by wildlife biologists, geographers, legal and policy experts, and conservationists provide a comprehensive look at not only the ecological imperatives, but also the history, legal framework, and public attitudes affecting the future of wolves.

Read the chapter:   The Importance of Large Carnivores

Order the book from Amazon:  Awakening Spirits Wolves of the Southern Rockies

Heather M. Bryan, Chris T. Darimont, Paul C. Paquet, John A. Ellis, Noriko Goji, Maëlle Gouix, Judit E. Smits

Citation:

Bryan, Heather M., Chris T. Darimont, Paul C. Paquet, John A. Ellis, Noriko Goji, Maëlle Gouix, and Judit E. Smits. 2011. Exposure to infectious agents in dogs in remote coastal British Columbia: Possible sentinels of diseases in wildlife and humans. Can.J.Vet.Res. 75:11-17

Ab s t r a c t

Ranked among the top threats to conservation worldwide, infectious disease is of particular concern for wild canids because domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) may serve as sources and reservoirs of infection. On British Columbia’s largely undeveloped but rapidly changing central and north coasts, little is known about diseases in wolves (Canis lupus) or other wildlife. However, several threats exist for transfer of diseases among unvaccinated dogs and wolves. To gain baseline data on infectious agents in this area, including those with zoonotic potential, we collected blood and stool samples from 107 dogs in 5 remote communities in May and September 2007. Serology revealed that the dogs had been exposed to canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus,

Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine respiratory coronavirus, and Leptospira interrogans. No dogs showed evidence of exposure to Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis, or Cryptococcus gattii. Of 75 stool samples, 31 contained at least 1 parasitic infection, including Taeniid tapeworms, the nematodes Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, and the protozoans Isospora sp., Giardia sp., Cryptosporidium sp., and Sarcocystis sp. This work provides a sound baseline for future monitoring of infectious agents that could affect dogs, sympatric wild canids, other wildlife, and humans.

Sidney, B.C. – A new study published today in the journal Public Library of Science ONE by researchers from Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Watershed Watch Salmon Society, and the Universities of Victoria and Simon Fraser provides the first link between salmon farms and elevated levels of sea lice on juvenile Fraser River sockeye salmon.The article, Sea Louse Infection of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in Relation to Marine Salmon Farms on Canada’s West Coast, genetically identified 30 distinct stocks of infected Fraser sockeye that pass by open net-pen salmon farms in the Strait of Georgia, including the endangered Cultus Lake stock. The study found that parasitism of Fraser sockeye increased significantly after the juvenile fish passed by fish farms. These same species of lice were found in substantial numbers on the salmon farms.

Not only did juvenile Fraser sockeye host higher lice levels in the Georgia Strait after they passed salmon farms, these fish hosted an order of magnitude more sea lice than Skeena and Nass River sockeye that migrated along the north coast where there are no farms. “The implications of these infections are not fully clear, but in addition to any direct physical and behavioural impacts on juvenile sockeye, sea lice may also serve as vectors of disease or indicators of other farm-origin pathogens” said Michael Price, lead author.

The data further showed that the differences in infection level for one species of louse in relation to fish farm exposure could not be explained by differences in salinity or temperature. “Given the high intensities of lice observed on some juveniles in this study—up to 28 lice/fish— there’s an urgent need to understand the extent of threat posed by sea lice to juvenile Fraser River sockeye” said Dr. Craig Orr, a co-author of the study.

The study also recorded the highest lice levels on juvenile sockeye near a farmed salmon processing plant in the Georgia Strait, heightening concern for the full potential impact of the salmon farm industry on wild salmon in this region.
Sea lice from salmon farms are likely another stressor for sockeye already subjected to multiple human impacts. Importantly, however, risks to juvenile sockeye from open net-pen salmon farms can be much more easily mitigated than changes to ocean conditions from climate change and ocean acidification. Options already recommended include removal of farm salmon from the migration routes of juvenile sockeye, and transition of salmon farms to closed-containment facilities.

Sea Louse Infection of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in Relation to Marine Salmon Farms on Canada’s West Coast list of authors:
Michael HH Price (1,2)  Stan L Proboszcz(3), Rick D Routledge(4), Allen S Gottesfeld(5), Craig Orr(3), John D Reynolds(4)
1 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
2 Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Sidney, BC, Canada
3 Watershed Watch Salmon Society, Coquitlam, BC, Canada
4 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
5 Skeena Fisheries Commission, Hazelton, BC, Canada
To view the study, visit:

http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016851

For more information contact:

Michael Price
Raincoast Conservation Foundation (www.raincoast.org) / University of Victoria
pricem@uvic.ca (250-847-1519)

Dr. Craig Orr
Watershed Watch Salmon Society (www.watershed-watch.org) – member group of the
Coastal Alliance for Aquaculture Reform
corr@telus.net
(604-809-2799)

Relevant photos and B-roll available.
Both Raincoast Conservation Foundation and Watershed Watch Salmon Society are part of the Conservation Coalition – a participant group of the Cohen Commission of Inquiry into the Decline of Sockeye Salmon in the Fraser River.

FISHERIES MINISTER APPEALING FEDERAL COURT’S KILLER WHALE RULING

by Misty MacDuffee
Wild Salmon Program biologist and killer whale advocate
January 2011

Raincoast and our conservation partners recently won a major legal victory for British Columbia’s endangered and threatened resident killer whales. Led by lawyer Margot Venton at Ecojustice, we challenged the federal government’s lack of action to protect the habitat of these marine animals – something the government is legally mandated to do.

The key argument we put forward in our court case was that the federal fisheries minister does not have a choice whether or not to protect critical habitat for threatened and endangered aquatic species such as the killer whales. Rather, section 58(5) of the Species At Risk Act (SARA) states that legal protection of critical habitat for aquatic species is mandatory. Justice Russell confirmed this in his ruling in December 2010, stating it was unlawful for the Minister of Fisheries to rely on discretionary provisions under the Fisheries Act because habitat protection under SARA was non discretionary.

Unfortunately, the federal fisheries minister doesn’t agree and has decided to appeal this key element of the ruling. The minister wants to be able to use discretionary powers under the Fisheries Act to choose when or if they will protect threatened and endangered species.

Raincoast and our conservation partners have no choice but to fight DFO’s appeal. It is unfortunate that the minister has chosen to go back to court instead of supporting the recommendations of their own killer whale recovery team and the scientists’ call for habitat protection.

We have put time and resources into our killer whale protection efforts without any dedicated funding to do so. Yet because we felt this issue was so very important, we persevered regardless.

Now, to preserve the entirety of our legal victory we need your financial help. As always, it is your support of these initiatives that allow us to undertake them using legal, scientific and ethical arguments to defend coastal species.

To support this law suit please visit Defending Our Killer Whale Lawsuit Victory Giving Page, or contact me at misty@raincoast.org

Thank you for your support.

Misty

M.H.H. Price, A. Morton, and J.D. Reynolds. 2010. Evidence of farm-induced parasite infestations on wild juvenile salmon in multiple regions of coastal British Columbia, Canada. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 67: 1925–1932

Journal Link   (Volume 67:1925-1932)

Darimont, Chris T., Heather M. Bryan, Stephanie M. Carlson, Morgan D. Hocking, Misty MacDuffee, Paul C. Paquet, Michael H.H. Price, Thomas E. Reimchen, John D. Reynolds, and Christopher C. Wilmers. 2010.  Salmon for Protected Terrestrial Areas. Conservation Letters Vol 3 (6): 379–389.               Journal link (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Paquet, P.C., and C.T. Darimont. 2010. Wildlife conservation meets animal welfare: two sides of the same coin? Animal Welfare 19: 177-190

MacDuffee, M and E. MacIssac. 2009.  Applications of paleolimnology to sockeye salmon nursery laks and ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska: Proceedings of a workshop at the Institute of Ocean Sciences.  Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2847.

Muñoz-Fuentes, V., C.T. Darimont, R.K. Wayne, P.C. Paquet, and J.A. Leonard.  2009. The genetic legacy of extirpation and re-colonization in Vancouver Island wolves. Conservation Genetics. 11(2): 547-556                   (Journal link: Volume 11, Number 2)

Munoz -Fuentes, V., C.T. Darimont, R.K. Wayne, P.C. Paquet, and J.A. Leonard.  2009. Ecological factors drive genetic differentiation in British Columbia gray wolves. Journal of Biogeography. 36 (8): 1516-1531       (Journal link Volume 36, Issue 8)

Darimont, C.T., S.M. Carlson, M.T. Kinnison, P.C. Paquet, T.E. Reimchen, and C.C. Wilmers. 2009. Reply to Koons: Harvest-related trait changes in an increasingly variable world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (On-line Letters).

Darimont, C.T., S.M. Carlson, M.T. Kinnison, P.C. Paquet, T.E. Reimchen, and C.C. Wilmers. 2009.  Human predators outpace other agents of trait change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 952-954.

Darimont, C.T., P.C. Paquet, and T.E. Reimchen. 2009. Landscape heterogeneity and marine subsidy generate extensive niche variation in a terrestrial carnivore. Journal of Animal Ecology 79: 126-133

Price, M.H.H., C.T. Darimont, N.F. Temple, and S.M. MacDuffee. 2008. Ghost Runs: Management and status assessment of Pacific salmon returning to British Columbia’s central and north coasts. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65:2712-2718

Darimont, C.T., T.E. Reimchen, H. Bryan, and P.C. Paquet. 2008. Faecal-centric approaches to wildlife ecology and conservation; methods, data and ethics. Wildlife Biology in Practice  4:73-87

Darimont, C.T., P.C. Paquet, and T.E. Reimchen. 2008. Spawning salmon disrupt tight trophic coupling between wolves and ungulate prey in coastal British Columbia.  BMC Ecology 8:14

Christensen, J.R., M. MacDuffee, M.B Yunker, and P.S. Ross. 2007. Hibernation associated changes in persistent organic pollutants (POP) levels and patterns in British Columbia grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Environmental Science and Technology. 41: 1834-1840

Darimont, C.T., P.C. Paquet, and T.E. Reimchen. 2007. Stable isotopic niche predicts fitness of prey in a wolf-deer system. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 90: 125-137.

Thomas, L., R. Williams, and D. Sandilands, D.  2007.  Designing line transect surveys for complex survey regions. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 9(1):1-13,

Williams, R. and L. Thomas. 2007. Distribution and abundance of marine mammals in the coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 9(1):15-28,

Bryan, H.M, C.T. Darimont, T.E. Reimchen, and P.C. Paquet. 2006. Early ontogenetic diet of wolves. Canadian Field-Naturalist 20: 61-66.

Paquet, P.C., S.M. Alexander, P.L. Swan, and C.T. Darimont. 2006. The influence of natural landscape fragmentation and resource availability on connectivity and distribution of marine gray wolf populations on the Central Coast, British Columbia, Canada. In Crooks, K. and M.A. Sanjayan (Eds.) Connectivity Conservation. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.

Christensen, J.R., M. MacDuffee, R.W. MacDonald, M. Whiticar, and P.S. Ross. 2005. Persistent Organic Pollutants in British Columbia Grizzly Bears: Consequence of divergent diets. Environmental Science and Technology.  39: 6952-6960

Darimont, C.T., P.C. Paquet, T.E. Reimchen, and V. Crichton. 2005. Range expansion by moose into coastal temperate rainforests of British Columbia, Canada. Diversity and Distributions 11: 235-239.

Paquet, P.C., C.T. Darimont, F.M. Moola, and C. Genovali. 2005.  Connectivity where the land meets the sea; preserving the last of the best. Wild Earth 14: 21-25.

Price, M.H.H., C.T. Darimont, N.N. Winchester, and P.C. Paquet. 2005. Facts from faeces: prey remains in wolf faeces revise occurrence records for mammals of British Columbia’s coastal archipelago. Canadian Field-Naturalist 119: 192-196.

Darimont, C.T., M.H.H. Price, N.N. Winchester, J. Gordon-Walker, and P.C. Paquet. 2004. Predators in natural fragments: foraging ecology of wolves in British Columbia’s central and north coast archipelago. Journal of Biogeography 31: 1867-1877.

Darimont, C.T., T.E. Reimchen and P.C. Paquet. 2003. Foraging behaviour by gray wolves on salmon streams in coastal British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81: 349-353.

Darimont, C.T., and P.C. Paquet. 2002. The gray wolves, Canis lupus, of British Columbia’s central and north coast: distribution and conservation assessment. Canadian Field-Naturalist 116: 416-422.

Darimont, C.T., and T.E. Reimchen. 2002. Intra-hair stable isotope analysis implies seasonal shift to salmon in gray wolf diet. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80: 1638-1642.

Sidney, BC – Today, in anticipation of the first provincial management plan for cougars,  Raincoast Conservation Foundation released the report, “British Columbia’s Neglected Carnivore: a conservation assessment and conservation planning guide for Cougars.”

Download the report here BC’s Neglected Carnivore

Download the report summary here Raincoast cougar report at-a-glance

The report, authored by Raincoast scientists Corinna Wainwright, Chris Darimont and Paul Paquet, builds a foundation for longer-term, larger- scale research, informed advocacy, and educational outreach throughout cougar distribution in BC, and on Vancouver Island in particular.

“At present, provincial laws, regulations, and practices for conserving and managing cougars, fail to address the very real and growing threats to survival cougars now face. In our assessment, we concluded that the government cannot make thoughtful decisions about the future of cougars in BC until three critical gaps are closed: the gap in the scientific understanding of cougar ecology, the gap in the BC governments ability to conserve cougars without knowing how many there are, and the lack of an ethical framework to inform decisions. Only when these gaps are closed can the province begin to determine if cougars can be managed safely and prudently,” said Paul Paquet.

Beautiful and mysterious, cougars have persisted against countless and unrelenting threats to retain a substantial foothold in BC. Blessed with abundant wilderness and established cougar populations, BC provides an unparalleled opportunity for the conservation of these big cats.

Based on a comprehensive review of cougar ecology, research, and management, our report provides an assessment and framework for a science and ethics based conservation plan.

“Conservation and management of BC cougars ought to consider commonly held  ethical values of British Columbians regarding biodiversity conservation and  the welfare of individual cougars,” said Corinna Wainwright.

“While our review of cougar management argues for increased caution, a deeper question emerged. That is, why should this magnificent animal be hunted at all? The recreational hunting of cougars does not feed families; they are killed for sport and trophy,“ said Chris Darimont.

December 2010

By Chris Darimont, Director of Science for Raincoast

This Holiday Season, I would like to share the introduction published in Tracking Raincoast into 2011. From my family to yours, I wish you all the best of 2011 and ask you to join me in honoring our precious coast.

The future of coastal British Columbia means much more to me now. Being a new parent, I am invested in tomorrow like never before.

This spring, baby Maëlle adventured into the heart of the Great Bear Rainforest. There she entered ancient river valleys blessed with salmon – an ocean food that has fed grizzly bears, wolves, eagles and a whole web of life for millennia. I shared with her an ocean bustling with fish, whales, seals, sea lions, dolphins, and birds.

This precious coast will always be a part of who Maëlle is. I envision her exploring tide pools like I did as a child; tasting salmon for the first time; and learning to sail from her grandfather.

But obscuring these idyllic visions are some disquieting thoughts. What if Maëlle inherits a coast like Prince William Sound, where the Exxon Valdez spewed oil across a landscape that is still impacted by the disaster’s aftermath? What if she one day suffers what children of the Gulf Coast will endure over the next several decades in the wake of the BP Deepwater Horizon catastrophe?

Why do I worry?

Enbridge Inc. filed their application for the Northern Gateway Project with the National Energy Board in June.

Their troubling scheme includes a twinned pipeline over the rugged Rocky and Coast Mountains between Alberta’s tar sands and the port of Kitimat. Condensate would be shipped to the north coast and piped to Alberta to dilute the thick tar sand’s bitumen. In return, “the world’s dirtiest oil” would be pumped back to the coast and shipped via supertankers to Asian and American markets.

The plan is nothing short of arrogant in its ambition to taunt one of the world’s most rugged landscapes and perilous coastlines. We hear dubious promises of “world-class” safety practices. Will pipeline maintenance match existing Enbridge standards that have polluted Michigan’s Kalamazoo River, wildlife, and people? Are their ocean transport protocols similar to those delivered by BC Ferries, which lost the Queen of the North along the proposed tanker route a few years ago? Will their clean-up responses match BP’s, which failed the Gulf Coast? If anything has been learned from the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe, it is that even the best available technology can be reduced to irrelevance by human error, malfunction, bad luck, weather, and their wicked convergence.

As you will read in this year’s Tracking Raincoast, our major focus for now and the foreseeable future is addressing and curtailing the risks posed by Northern Gateway. Raincoast is engaging on this issue from every angle with research, education, and advocacy. Everything we have worked for and continue to work for is at stake.

We seek your support for our urgent and important efforts to safeguard BC’s treasured coast.

Dr. Chris Darimont
Science Director, Raincoast Conservation Foundation

TRACKING RAINCOAST INTO 2011

In the coming week you will receive a copy of our annual publication Tracking Raincoast into 2011 in the mail. We would like to share a preview of this beautiful publication today. If you are not on our mailing list and would like to receive a copy, please email christine@raincoast.org.

SEAONS GREETINGS FROM CHRIS GENOVALI, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

A sincere thank you from everyone at Raincoast to all our donors for your continued support. In 2011, Raincoast will continue to implement creative strategies and pursue innovative solutions to conservation challenges.

We invite you to join in our efforts on behalf of wild places and wild species throughout the BC coast.

Raincoast Conservation Foundation PO Box 2429 Sidney, BC, Canada V8L 3Y3 Tel: (250) 655-1229
Web: raincoast.org

Photo Credits:

Larry Travis, Eric Sambol, Klaus Pommerenkem, Doug Brown, Tim Irvin

Tracking cover shot: Guillaume Mazille

iend

Download the paper   Price etal 2010 Farm-induced lice infestations CJFAS 2010

Sidney, B.C. – Today, the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences published findings by the Raincoast Conservation Foundation and other researchers on sea lice infestations of wild juvenile salmon near salmon farms.  The article, Evidence of farm-induced parasite infestations on wild juvenile salmon in multiple regions of coastal British Columbia, Canada, suggests that salmon farms in multiple regions elevate levels of sea lice on wild juvenile salmon.

Salmon farms in areas beyond the Broughton Archipelago are elevating levels of sea lice on wild juvenile pink and chum salmon. “Our results support the hypothesis that salmon farms are a major source of sea lice on juvenile wild salmon in multiple salmon farming regions in BC”, said lead author Michael Price, “and underscore the importance of minimizing known threats to vulnerable wild stocks”.

Levels of sea lice infecting wild juvenile pink and chum salmon were significantly higher near salmon farms in all salmon farm regions compared to areas away from farms, and lice levels were highest among the Discovery Islands where the largest amount of farm salmon was produced.

“The Discovery Islands is a region of high conservation concern given that 1/3 of BC’s juvenile salmon migrate through the region on route to the open ocean”, said co-author Alexandra Morton. “This includes Canada’s crown jewel of salmon systems, the Fraser River”.

Threats from salmon farms to wild salmon can be easily mitigated by removing farms from juvenile salmon migration routes, and switching to closed-containment aquaculture.

Evidence of farm-induced parasite infestations on wild juvenile salmon in multiple regions of coastal British Columbia, Canada. list of authors:

Michael H.H. Price1,2, Alexandra Morton3, John D. Reynolds4

1 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W-3N5
2 Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Sidney, BC, Canada V8L-3Y3
3 Salmon Coast Field Station, Simoom Sound, BC, Canada V0P-1S0
4 Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A-1S6

About Raincoast Conservation Foundation

Raincoast (www.raincoast.org) is a team of conservationists and scientists empowered by our research to protect the lands, waters, and wildlife of coastal British Columbia. Raincoast is a not-for-profit research and public education organization. Our mandate: Investigate, Inform, Inspire. We employ a unique ‘informed advocacy’ approach that combines rigorous science, applied ethics, and grassroots activism.

About the Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing, a not-for-profit company (operating under the brand NRC Research Press http://nrcresearchpress.com), is the foremost scientific publisher in Canada and one of the most advanced electronic publishing services in the world. With over 50 highly skilled experts and an editorial staff comprising some of the world’s leading researchers, NRC Research Press (Canadian Science Publishing) communicates
scientific discoveries to over 100 countries, and publishes 15 journals, with more than 2000 manuscripts each year, in all scientific disciplines. All journals are available online full-text and are accessible before print publication.

Disclaimer

The authors of the study are not affiliated with or employed by the National Research Council of Canada. The views of the authors in no way reflect the opinions of the National Research Council of Canada. Requests for commentary about the contents of the study should be directed to the authors. The NRC Research Press is operating under the new name of Canadian Science Publishing, a not-for-profit company, and is no longer affiliated with the National Research Council Canada. Articles published by Canadian Science Publishing are peer-reviewed by experts in their field.

For more information contact:

Michael Price
Raincoast Conservation Foundation
mike@raincoast.org
(250-472-4068)

Alexandra Morton
Salmon Coast Field Station
(250-974-7086)

Entire ecosystems on the Pacific coast rely on salmon and humans are taking more than their share, a new study concludes…..

Read the full story by Judith Lavoie, Times Colonist

Link to the scientific paper in the journal Conservation Letters

Download the paper :Salmon for protected terrestrial areas.pdf